FOSSILS

How many times have you heard that we must stop getting our energy from fossil fuels? Coal is indisputably a fossil fuel, but there is considerable debate regarding the source of oil. When we are dealing with climate change hysteria, which wants to wean us totally from fossil fuels, meaning oil, it really matters if we get this right. For years I have been reading reports that oil might not be a fossil fuel at all, that it was formed abiotically, meaning it is generated by a subterranean process of heat and pressure.

Oil is made up of 85% carbon, 13% hydrogen, .05% oxygen with traces of Sulphur, and nitrogen. It was thought that oil originated from the decomposition of organic matter. Basically, from the remains of dead animals over millions of years. The theory said we would run out of it sooner, rather than later. At first, most oil wells were drilled into areas where there are fossils, so this seemed to make sense.

But at early as 1951, Russian scientist N.A. Kudryavtsev said that deep petroleum was produced abiotically. Keep in mind that at the time, Stalin was absolutely desperate to find new sources of oil. Anyone remotely familiar with Stalin knows that when he wanted something, people who failed him paid a very high price. So Russian scientists were literally on a mission to find oil.

It may surprise you to learn that Fortune Magazine published an article about this in 2003.

Oil Without End? Revisionists say oil isn’t a fossil fuel. That could mean there’s lots more of it. – February 17, 2003 (fortune.com)

Some of the numbers are staggering.

“In the mid-1990s the world’s reserves of oil were thought to total about 890 billion barrels. Today reserves stand at 1.1 trillion barrels; the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that continued reserve growth, along with undiscovered resources, could bring world oil estimates to as much as three trillion barrels. “We’re finding there are pretty substantial oil reserves in the world,” says Tom Ahlbrandt, world energy project chief at the USGS. “New exploration and drilling technologies are making major new discoveries possible.”

In 2015, Forbes Magazine ran an article saying that we may have enough oil to last 1,000 years:

How Much Oil Does the World Have Left? (forbes.com)

It turns out that if we just use more efficient methods to get oil, we may already have more than enough!

“Additionally, ~66% of the oil in a reservoir is frequently left behind because it’s too expensive or difficult to extract. Since the 1970s, CO2-enhanced oil recovery offers a gigantic global prize of 2-5 trillion barrels and a safe way to sequester CO2 underground for 1,000 years. Wait: what was that?  CO2 helps extract oil. I thought it was killing us?

So why don’t you know most of this? Why do decisions made by the Biden administration look remarkably similar to the predictions made by the Hubbert Peak theory? That was produced in 1956 and the only thing absolutely certain is that this has been thoroughly discredited.

Hubbert peak theory – Wikipedia

Hubbert assumed that after fossil fuel reserves (oil reserves, coal reserves, and natural gas reserves) are discovered, production at first increases approximately exponentially, as more extraction commences and more efficient facilities are installed. At some point, a peak output is reached, and production begins declining until it approximates an exponential decline.

The Hubbert curve satisfies these constraints. Furthermore, it is symmetrical, with the peak of production reached when half of the fossil fuel that will ultimately be produced has been produced. It also has a single peak.

This looked to be accurate, until people started finding oil, a lot more oil, and became much better at extracting it. Now, it is absurdly wrong.

I recently had someone I respect as intelligent, repeat the myth that 80% of scientists agree with him that global warming caused by rising C)2 levels is a threat to mankind. He was totally uninterested in hearing any facts to the contrary. This unfortunately is typical. We should all be willing to see facts, even if they are inconveniently inconsistent with our current beliefs. Truth always matters. Those who ignore truth, or suppress truth, are doomed to making monumental errors. When those people are stupidly elevated to position of power, we all pay a terrible price for their miscalculations.

ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER

In summary, we are not running out of oil at all. It just may be the cleanest most renewal source of energy on this planet. Yet we have people who literally want to stop producing oil dreaming of a future with all electric cars and trucks powered by wind and solar. It is the impossible dream. It is also a nightmare, because all these clean renewable sources of energy are actually environmental nightmares. Wind Farms are ugly as sin. If you drive by any wind farm you will notice that most of the machines are not working. That is because wind powers machines only operate in a narrow range of wind speed. If the wind speed is too low, they won’t spin. If it is too high, the props are feathered to avoid burn out. Wind farms kill birds, lots of birds. The propellers are hard to recycle and are the polar opposite of biodegradable. And, wind farms are located in rural areas, which means electricity must be transmitted for miles.

Solar Panels also kill birds. They are also ugly. They work great in California, where the sun shines most of the time. Not so much elsewhere and even in California, they don’t work well in the winter, because there are not enough hours of daylight.

Electric cars are expensive, the batteries are very heavy, not biodegradable, use up our limited source of rare earth minerals, and need something to power the electricity to charge them. If the wind and solar stops working or anything else interrupts the power grid, electric cars become stationary objects. Not everyone can afford to fly to Cancun with Ted Cruz. (On a plane powered by jet fuel.)

No one is building dams. Nuclear power has been stopped, because of environmental concerns. So, we are betting on an all-electric country, powered by environmental damaging sources like wind and solar, neither of which is likely to be available in the event of power outages. What could possibly go wrong?

The real solution, as always, is to choose smarter people, who make decisions based on the truth, not on years of deliberate reporting of misinformation arrogantly presented as if it is straight from the lips of the God, they don’t believe in. Certainly not weak people who make decisions based on something as dumb as political correctness. They are the real fossils, and they can’t go extinct soon enough.

TDM

CIRCLING THE SUN!

Today is my birthday. It is a reminder that, once again, another year has passed circling the sun. Unfortunately, my birthday has often been coincidental with major, not necessarily, good events. This is not my fault, because some of them happened long before I arrived on this planet. But then, if some of the stories told by my parents are true, my added presence may have contributed somewhat to the chaos. So, to those of you who choose to blame everything on me, please be aware that March 11 is famous for a lot of things, other than my birthday. Some of these are good, some are very bad. I accept zero responsibility other than acknowledging the completion of another cycle around the Sun.

1425 BC Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty).

537 Goths lay siege to Rome

843 Icon veneration officially re-instated in Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Constantinople

928 Trpimir II succeeds to the Croatian throne.

1387 The Battle of Castagnaro begins.

1502 Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty, crowned Shah of Persia (rules till 1524)

1513 Giovanni de’ Medici chosen Pope Leo X

1567 Geuzen army leaves Walcheren to return to Oosterweel

1597 Archduke Albrecht occupies Amiens, France

1649 The Frondeurs (French rebels) and the French government sign the Peace of Rueil.

1665 NY approves new code guaranteeing Protestants religious rights

1669 Mt Etna in Sicily erupts in its largest recorded eruption, killing 15,000

1702 1st English daily newspaper “Daily Courant” published

1708 Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation

1744 English auction house Sotheby’s holds its first ever auction (of books) in London

1779 US Army Corps of Engineers established (1st time)

1789 Benjamin Banneker and Pierre Charles L’Enfant begin to lay out Washington, D.

1791 Samuel Mulliken is 1st to obtain more than one US patent

1795 Battle at Kurdla India: Mahratten beat Mogols

1812 Citizenship granted to Prussian Jews

1823 1st normal school in US opens, Concord Academy, Concord, Vermont

1824 US War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs

1829 Johann Sebastian Bach‘s “St Matthew Passion” is revived by Felix Mendelssohn, aged 20, conducting in Berlin

1835 HMS Beagle anchors off Valparaiso, Chile

1845 The Flagstaff War: In New Zealand, Chiefs Hone Heke and Kawiti lead 700 Māoris to chop down the British flagpole and drive settlers out of the British colonial settlement of Kororareka because of breaches of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi.

1848 Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government

1850 Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania opens 2nd female medical school in the US

1851 Giuseppe Verdi‘s opera “Rigoletto” premieres in Venice

1855 Bowery Boys gang leader William Poole aka “Bill the Butcher” is buried in Brooklyn with 155 carriages and 6,000 mourners

1861 Confederate convention in Montgomery adopts constitution (US Civil War)

1862 Abraham Lincoln removes George McClellen as general-in-chief

1862 General Stonewall Jackson evacuates Winchester Virginia Army of the Potomac. Gen Henry Halleck is named general-in-chief

1863 25th Grand National: George Stevens wins his 2nd GN aboard 4/1 Emblem; winning mare’s full sister Emblematic wins the following year

1864 Dale Dike on Humber River crumbles. The Great Sheffield Flood: the largest man-made disaster ever to befall England kills over 250 people in Sheffield

1865 General William T. Sherman‘s Union forces occupies Fayetteville, North Carolina

1867 Giuseppe Verdi‘s opera “Don Carlos” premieres in Paris

1869 The West first learns of the Giant Panda via French missionary Armand David who receives a skin from a hunter

1872 Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain

1872 The Meiji Japanese government officially annexes the Ryukyu Kingdom into what would become the Okinawa prefecture

1876 English FA Cup Final, Kennington Oval, London: Wanderers and Old Estonians draw, 1-1; Wanderers win replay, 3-0 for 3rd title

1882 Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association organized in Princeton, New Jersey

1882 Fridtjof Nansen sets out on a sea voyage to study Arctic zoology

1888 Great blizzard of ’88 strikes northeastern USA

1892 1st public basketball game (Springfield, Massachusetts)

1893 Carlos Gardel and his mother, Berthe Gardès, arrive in Buenos Aires, Argentina

1895 Spanish cruiser Reina Regente sinks in Straits of Gibraltar, over 400 die.

1897 A meteorite enters the earth’s atmosphere and explodes over New Martinsville, West Virginia. The debris causes damage but no human injuries are reported.

1900 British Prime Minister Lord Salisbury rejects peace overtures from the Boer leader Paul Kruger (on 5 March) as demanding too-favourable terms

1901 Cincinnati Enquirer reports Baltimore manager John McGraw signed Cherokee Indian Tokohoma, who is really black 2nd baseman Charlie Grant

1904 Stanley Cup: Ottawa Silver 7 sweep Brandon Wheat Kings in 2 games

1905 Stanley Cup, Dey’s Arena, Ottawa, ON: Ottawa Senators beat Rat Portage Thisles, 5-4 for 2-1 challenge series victory

1910 Jack Hobbs scores 187 vs South Africa, his 1st international test hundred only to get out hit wicket

1912 First Stanley Cup challenge game to be played in three 20-minute periods (formerly 30-minute halves), Quebec beats Moncton, 9-3 on way to series sweep

1912 Eleftherios Venizelos, leader of the Liberal Party, wins the Greek elections again.

1915 The British declare a blockade of all German ports

1917 1st NHL championship game ever played, Toronto Arenas beats Montreal Canadiens 7-3 in 1st of 2 game set (second game on March 13)

1917 British forces occupy Baghdad, the capital of Mesopotamia, after Turkish forces evacuated

1918 Moscow becomes capital of revolutionary Russia

1918 Save the Redwoods League founded

1918 US Army mess cook Private Albert Gitchell of Fort Riley, Kansas becomes the first documented case of Spanish flu; start of worldwide pandemic killing 50-100 million

1919 General strike in Germany crushed

1920 Syria proclaims Emir Feisal king after the country has fought off French domination

1922 Western Hockey Championship: Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) sweep Regina Capitals, in 2 games

1924 3rd term of Belgium Theunis government begins

1924 Eden Phillpotts’ “Farmer’s Wife” premieres in London

1924 NHL Championship: Montreal Canadiens sweeps Ottawa Senators in 2 games

1926 Eamon da Valera ends leadership of Sinn Féin

1927 1st armored commercial car hold-up in US, Pittsburgh

1927 1st golden gloves tournament

1927 Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens famous Roxy Theater (NYC)

1930 William Taft, American 27th President & Chief Justice buried in Arlington Cemetery

1931 Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union

1935 Bank of Canada first opens on Wellington Street, Ottawa

1935 Hermann Goering officially creates the Luftwaffe (German Air Force)

1938 Artur Seyss-Inquart replaces Kurt von Schuschnigg as Chancellor of Austria; German troops also entered the country

1941 Bronko Nagurski beats Ray Steele in Minn, to become wrestling champ

1941 FDR signs Lend-Lease Bill (lend money to Britain)

1942 1st deportation train leaves Paris for Auschwitz Concentration Camp

1942 General MacArthur leaves Corregidor (Bataan) for Australia

1942 Japanese troops land on North Sumatra

1943 Nazi Militia forms in Netherlands

1944 Dutch resistance fighter Joop Westerweel arrested

1945 1,000 allied bombers harass Essen, 4,662 ton bombs

1945 Flemish nazi collaborator Maria Huygens sentenced to death

1948 Jewish Agency of Jerusalem bombed

1948 WBAL TV channel 11 in Baltimore, MD (CBS) begins broadcasting

1953 1st woman army doctor commissioned (FM Adams)

1954 US Army charges Senator Joseph McCarthy used undue pressure tactics

1956 LPGA Titleholders Championship Women’s Golf, Augusta CC: Louise Suggs wins her 3rd Titleholders title by 1 stroke from Patty Berg

1958 American B-47 accidentally drops nuclear bomb 15,000 ft on a family home in Mars Bluff, South Carolina; creates crater 75 ft across, bomb without its nuclear capsule

1958 Charles Van Doren finally loses on US TV game show “Twenty-One” after winning $129,000 – later revealed to be fixed

1958 Starting this season, AL batters are required to wear batting helmets

1959 Lorraine Hansberry’s stage drama “A Raisin in the Sun”, 1st Broadway play by a black woman, starring Ruby Dee and Sidney Poitier, opens at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, NYC; later transfers to the Belasco Theatre; runs for 530 performances

1959 4th Eurovision Song Contest: Teddy Scholten for Netherlands wins singing “Een beetje” in Cannes

1960 Pioneer 5 launched into solar orbit between Earth & Venus

1961 Then NHL record 40 penalties, Black Hawks & Maple Leafs (20 each)

1963 Somalia drops diplomatic relations with Great Britain

1963 US Defense Secretary Robert MacNamara orders the adoption by the US military of the M16 assault rifle, originally designed as the AR-15 by Eugene Stoner

1964 21st Golden Globes: The Cardinal, Sidney Poitier, & Leslie Caron win

1965 Indonesia President Sukarno signs the ‘Supersemar’ order, giving army commander Lt. Gen. Suharto authority to do whatever he “deemed necessary” to restore order

1966 Military coup led by Indonesian General Suharto breaks out

1966 A fire at two ski resorts in Numata, Japan kills 31 people.

1967 Pink Floyd releases 1st single “Arnold Layne”

1967 14th ACC Men’s Basketball Tournament: North Carolina beats Duke, 82-73

1968 Anti-Zionist Clandestine Radio Voice of El Assifa starts transmitting

1968 Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 12nd string quartet

1968 Otis Redding is the first person in the US to posthumously receive gold record for his single “(Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay”

1970 12th Grammy Awards: Aquarius; Crosby Stills & Nash; Peggy Lee win

1970 Iraqi Ba’th Party recognizes Kurd nation

1971 Jim Morrison leaves for Paris to reorient himself emotionally and creatively and to avoid the jail sentence given to him in Miami. He will never return to the US.

1972 “Inner City” closes at Barrymore Theater NYC after 97 performances

1972 OPEC threatens “appropriate sanctions” against companies that “fail to comply with . . . any action taken by a Member Country in accordance with [OPEC] decisions.”

1972 19th ACC Men’s Basketball Tournament: North Carolina beats Maryland, 73-64

1974 Mount Etna in Sicily erupted

1974 Rhino Store gives people 5 cents to take home Danny Bonaduce’s Album

1975 Rightist military coup in Portugal under General António de Spínola fails

1975 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR

1977 Hanafi Muslims hold 130 hostages in Washington, D.C.

1978 Terrorists attack mail truck at Tel Aviv, 45 killed

1978 USF-led Bill Cartwright scores 23 points as the Dons oust NC

1979 Randy Hold receives 67 min in penalties in a 60 min NHL hockey game

1980 Rod Marsh bowls 10 overs for 51 runs in dull Aust v Pak cricket draw

1981 Chile constitution takes effect, Augusto Pinochet‘s second term begins

1981 Johnny Mize and Rube Foster are elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame

1982 Failed military coup under Rambocus and Hawker in Suriname

1982 Harrison Williams (Sen-D-NJ) resigns rather than face expulsion

1982 Detroit Pistons play the Chicago Bulls, with final score of Detroit 152 to Chicago 144 and Detroit having 20 blocked shots

1982 US boycotts Libyan crude oil

1983 Ice Dance Championship at Helsinki, Finland won by Jayne Torvill & Christopher Dean (Great Britain)

1983 Ice Pairs Championship at Helsinki won by Valova & Vasiliev (Soviet Union)

1983 Ladies’ Figure Skating Championship in Helsinki won by Rosalynn Sumners (USA)

1983 Men’s Figure Skating Championship in Helsinki won by Scott Hamilton (USA)

1983 9th People’s Choice Awards: Burt ReynoldsJane Fonda & Katharine Hepburn win (Motion Picture) and Tom SelleckLinda Evans & Loretta Swit win (TV)

1984 31st ACC Men’s Basketball Tournament: Maryland beats Duke, 74-62

1985 Mikhail Gorbachev replaces Konstantin Chernenko as Soviet leader

1986 1 million days since the foundation of Rome on April 21st, 753 BC

1986 187.27 million shares traded in NY Stock Exchange

1986 Islander Mike Bossy, 1st NHLer to score 50 goals in 9 straight seasons

1986 Japanese probe Sakigake flies by Halley’s Comet at 6.8 million km

1986 NFL adopts instant replay rule

1988 Utrecht conservatory destroyed by fire

1988 British pound note ceases to be legal tender, replaced by one pound coin

1990 16th People’s Choice Awards: Dustin Hoffman & Meryl Streep win (Dramatic Motion Picture) and Bill Cosby & Phylicia Rashad win (TV)

1990 Lithuania declares its Independence

1990 37th ACC Men’s Basketball Tournament: #14 Georgia Tech beats Virginia, 70-61

1990 31st SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament: Alabama beats Ole Miss, 70-51

1990 11th Big East Men’s Basketball Tournament: Connecticut beats Syracuse, 78-75

1991 17th People’s Choice Awards: Mel Gibson & Julia Roberts win (Dramatic Motion Picture) and Bill Cosby & Kirstie Alley win (TV)

1991 Janet Jackson signs $40M 3 album deal with Virgin records

1991 John Smith, US amateur wrestler, wins James E Sullivan Award

1991 Monica Seles ends Steffi Graf‘s streak of 186 weeks ranked as #1

1993 Men’s Figure Skating Championship in Prague won by Kurt Browning CAN

1994 Eduardo Frei succeeds Patricio Aylwin as President of Chile

1995 -36.8°F (-38.2°C) in Chosedachar, Komi-district, on 67°N

1995 President Nazarbajev disbands Kazakhstan parliament

1995 Sinn Féin party leader, Gerry Adams, arrives in US

  • 1995Yolanda Chen hop-skip-jumps world indoor record 15.03m

1996 Chris Harris scores 130 in losing NZ side v Australia, World Cup

1996 Mark Waugh scores 110 v NZ for his third century of the World Cup

1996 The EU Database Directive is passed

1996 John Winston Howard becomes the 25th Prime Minister of Australia. His term in office is the second longest in Australian history, ending December 3, 2007.

1997 Beatle Paul McCartney knighted by Queen Elizabeth II

1997 San Francisco Giant J T Snow suffers a fractured eye socket when hit by a pitch

1999 Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.

2000 21st Big East Men’s Basketball Tournament: St. John’s beats Connecticut, 80-70

2001 48th ACC Men’s Basketball Tournament: #3 Duke beats #6 North Carolina, 79-53

2001 42nd SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament: Kentucky beats Ole Miss, 77-55

2003 The International Criminal Court holds its inaugural session in The Hague.

2004 Terrorists explode simultaneous bombs on Madrid’s rail network ripping through a commuter train and rocking three stations, killing 190

2006 Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as the first female president of Chile

2006 27th Big East Men’s Basketball Tournament: Syracuse beats Pittsburgh, 65-61

2007 54th ACC Men’s Basketball Tournament: #8 North Carolina beats NC State, 89-80

2007 48th SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament: Florida beats Arkansas, 77-56

2008 Plácido Domingo named “The King of Singers” in BBC Music Magazine, based on voting by 16 renowned opera critics for the April 2008 issue

2009 Winnenden school shooting – 17 people are killed at a school in Germany.

2010 Sebastián Piñera becomes Chilean president for the 1st time

2011 9.0 magnitude earthquake strikes 130 km (80 miles) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people and causing the second worst nuclear accident in history at Fukushima nuclear plant

2012 US soldier kills 16 civilians in Afghanistan

2012 59th ACC Men’s Basketball Tournament: #17 Florida State beats #4 North Carolina, 85-82

2012 53rd SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament: Vanderbilt beats Kentucky, 71-64

2013 European Union bans the sale of cosmetics that have been tested on animals

2013 North Korea cuts the phone line with South Korea, breaching the 1953 armistice

2013 Falkland Islands’ sovereignty referendum: 99.8% choose to remain an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom

2013 Laureus World Sports Awards, Municipal Theater, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Sportsman: Usain Bolt; Sportswoman: Missy Franklin; Team: FC Bayern Munich

2014 Refugees from Syria pour into the Kingdom of Jordan

2017 At least 65 killed in landslide at rubbish dump near Addis Ababa, Ethopia

2017 England retains the Six Nations Rugby Championship with 61-21 win over Scotland at Twickenham; England’s 11th consecutive Six Nations win and equals NZ’s record of 18 consecutive international wins

2018 China’s National People’s Congress approves removal of term limits for a leader, will allow Xi Jinping presidency for life

2018 Superhero movie “The Black Panther” becomes the fifth Marvel movie to earn $1 billion worldwide

2018 Greek football Super League suspended after PAOK Salonika’s president Ivan Savvidis invades pitch with a gun after goal disallowed

2019 Israeli President Reuven Rivlin, refutes Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu‘s statement “Israel is the nation state of the Jewish people – and only it.”

2019 Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika (82) changes his mind saying he will not seek a fifth term and postpones elections after mass protests

2020 COVID-19 declared a pandemic by the head of the World Health Organization Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, with 121,564 cases worldwide and 4,373 deaths

2020 Harvey Weinstein is sentenced to 23 years in prison for a criminal sex act and rape in New York

2020 Smallest dinosaur ever discovered – skull preserved in piece of amber smaller than a fingertip from a mine in Myanmar, reported in “Nature”

2020 11-year bull market ends as the Dow Jones industrial average falls more than 20%, becoming a bear market

2020 NBA suspends 2019-20 season until further notice after Utah Jazz center Rudy Gobert tests positive for COVID-19

2021 British Prince William says the royal family is “very much not a racist family” in first public comments since interview by brother Harry and wife Meghan

2021 Digital art work “Everydays: The First 5,000 Days” a digital college by Beeple, with a non-fungible token, sells for record $69.3 million in online auction by Christie’s

Two years ago, I celebrated my Birthday by watching COVID turn into a world-wide pandemic. Today I watch the horrific cost of having someone like Joe Biden pretending to be President of the United States.

Sorry.

TDM

FOSSILS

How many times have you heard that we must stop getting our energy from fossil fuels? Coal is indisputably a fossil fuel, but there is considerable debate regarding the source of oil. When we are dealing with climate change hysteria, which wants to wean us totally from fossil fuels, meaning oil, it really matters if we get this right. For years I have been reading reports that oil might not be a fossil fuel at all, that it was formed abiotically, meaning it is generated by a subterranean process of heat and pressure.

Oil is made up of 85% carbon, 13% hydrogen, .05% oxygen with traces of Sulphur, and nitrogen. It was thought that oil originated from the decomposition of organic matter. Basically, from the remains of dead animals over millions of years. The theory said we would run out of it sooner, rather than later. At first, most oil wells were drilled into areas where there are fossils, so this seemed to make sense.

But at early as 1951, Russian scientist N.A. Kudryavtsev said that deep petroleum was produced abiotically. Keep in mind that at the time, Stalin was absolutely desperate to find new sources of oil. Anyone remotely familiar with Stalin knows that when he wanted something, people who failed him paid a very high prices. So Russian scientists were literally on a mission to find oil.

It may surprise you to learn that Fortune Magazine published an article about this in 2003.

Oil Without End? Revisionists say oil isn’t a fossil fuel. That could mean there’s lots more of it. – February 17, 2003 (fortune.com)

Some of the numbers are staggering.

“In the mid-1990s the world’s reserves of oil were thought to total about 890 billion barrels. Today reserves stand at 1.1 trillion barrels; the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that continued reserve growth, along with undiscovered resources, could bring world oil estimates to as much as three trillion barrels. “We’re finding there are pretty substantial oil reserves in the world,” says Tom Ahlbrandt, world energy project chief at the USGS. “New exploration and drilling technologies are making major new discoveries possible.”

In 2015, Forbes Magazine ran an article saying that we may have enough oil to last 1,000 years:

How Much Oil Does the World Have Left? (forbes.com)

It turns out that if we just use more efficient methods to get oil, we may already have more than enough!

“Additionally, ~66% of the oil in a reservoir is frequently left behind because it’s too expensive or difficult to extract. Commercial since the 1970s, CO2-enhanced oil recovery offers a gigantic global prize of 2-5 trillion barrels and a safe way to sequester CO2 underground for 1,000 years. “

So why don’t you know that. Why are decisions made by the Biden administration look remarkably similar to the predictions made by the Hubbert Peak theory? That was produced in 1956 and the only thing absolutely certain is that this has been thoroughly discredited.

Hubbert peak theory – Wikipedia

Hubbert assumed that after fossil fuel reserves (oil reserves, coal reserves, and natural gas reserves) are discovered, production at first increases approximately exponentially, as more extraction commences and more efficient facilities are installed. At some point, a peak output is reached, and production begins declining until it approximates an exponential decline.

The Hubbert curve satisfies these constraints. Furthermore, it is symmetrical, with the peak of production reached when half of the fossil fuel that will ultimately be produced has been produced. It also has a single peak.

 

This looked to be accurate, until people started finding oil, a lot more oil, and became much better at extracting it. Now, it is absurdly wrong.

I recently had someone I respect as intelligent, repeat the myth that 80% of scientists agree with him that global warming is a threat to mankind. He was totally uninterested in hearing any facts to the contrary. This unfortunately is typical. We should all be willing to see facts, even if they are inconveniently inconsistent with our current beliefs. Truth always matters. Those who ignore truth, or suppress truth, are doomed to making monumental errors. When those people are stupidly elevated to position of power, we all pay a terrible price for their miscalculations.

In summary, we are not running out of oil at all. It just may be the cleanest most renewal source of energy on this planet. Yet we have people who literally want to stop producing oil dreaming of a future with all electric cars and trucks powered by wind and solar. It is the impossible dream. It is also a nightmare, because all the batteries necessary to power these vehicles will produce an unprecedented ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER

The real solution, as always, is to choose smarter people, who make decisions based on the truth, not on years of deliberate reporting of misinformation arrogantly presented as if it is straight from the lips of the God, they don’t believe in. Certainly not decisions based on something as dumb as political correctness. They are the real fossils, and they can’t go extinct soon enough.

TDM

UNDERESTIMATING GOD!

The Lord works in mysterious ways his wonders to perform. It is hard to imagine any U.S. President botching things more than Joe Biden. He not only failed to prepare for the obvious coming invasion of Ukraine, but he also still refuses to ban the purchase of oil from Russia. He has blatantly told Putin that the U.S. would not consider using military force and by the way, we wouldn’t apply any sanctions until after Putin actually invaded.  Has anyone seen Hunter?  Asking for a friend.

Biden even hinted if it was a minor excursion the sanctions wouldn’t be that much. This was an open invitation for Putin to invade and we are all watching the consequences unfold before our very eyes.

Biden has done everything possible to diminish our military capacity. Just imagine how impressed Vladimir Putin must be when he sees pictures of President Joe Biden, sitting at a huge table, surround by this top staff, including the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff, all fully vaccinated, all socially distances, wearing silly cloth masks that even the CDC admits have little impact? He must have difficult restraining the giggles. If you want to talk about a super spreader event, just send 1.7 million people all huddled together for days on end trying to escape Ukraine.

He has used the same race and gender standards for his staff that resulted in the most incompetent Vice President in U.S. history. Things like race and gender should not matter, ability to do the job always matters. Even today, few people want to see Joe depart if that means Kamala takes over.

Our economy was already in a tailspin, inflation is off the charts and gas prices were skyrocketing before this mess. All of that is guaranteed to get worse. We don’t even need to talk about the crime problems which are a direct result of his social engineering and supporting defund the police movements. Now he talks about funding the police, but he still is fixated more on social justice than crime prevention. Those problems are all too real, but lower on the list.

One would think under these circumstances the situation in the Ukraine would be helpless, but so far, they appear to be fighting back harder than anyone, including Putin, thought possible. While the fog of war is always a factor, it is obvious that Russia is having challenges. Every country, on earth, other than China, North Korea, and the U.S. under Biden, appears to have united to defeat Putin. If the governments haven’t figured this out, their citizens have definitely decided. Even Venezuela is considering selling us oil to help diminish the reliance on oil from Russia.

An incredible 1.7 million refugees from Ukraine are being absorbed by Europe. People all over the world are boycotting everything Russian. Even Germany is joining in. It is quite possible that Putin will need more troops to protect himself from the Russian people than he is using to attack Ukraine. Biden’s incompetence may have actually been the final straw necessary for Putin to make a crucial error in judgement resulting in his own demise.

Never in the history of the world has so much been accomplished by putting the most incompetent person possible in the world’s most responsible position. Certainly, this was not planned by anyone, including the DNC and the MSM who conspired to remove Trump, at any cost. Even they are increasingly shocked by the cost. They may be even more shocked at the ultimate cost to themselves.

I don’t pretend to speak for God, but there are certainly things, uncontrolled by man, having a major impact. Perhaps it is just me, but it sure seems like every time someone warns us about global warming, we get another severe winter storm. Just when the global warming alarmists were convinced they could scare us into driving electric cars, powered solely by wind and solar, Ukraine happens giving a world-wide demonstration on why oil is kinda sorta important.

I can’t predict anything, other than the obvious that Joe Biden will get full blame and zero credit because everyone, and I do mean everyone, is on to him. But I can point out that God is real, God is in control, and when man forgets that the consequences can be unimaginable. The Roman Empire was overtaken by a spiritual revolution started by one man with twelve rather unremarkable followers.

TDM

HECKEL AND JECKEL

Virtually everything happening around the world is horrible. It is hard to imagine a good outcome in Ukraine. At best, Russia will be humiliated, but only after inflicting an incredible amount of damage, both in lost lives and in destruction of property. At worst, this will start World War III. In a world where a lot of people have smart phones and access to the internet, we are watching much of this play out in real time. Obviously, there is more we don’t know, but the damage, chaos and human tragedy is beyond obvious.

During times like this, it is always great to discover something that is at least fun to watch. There are two female representatives in congress who are clearly not afraid of crossing red lines when expressing their opinions. Lauren Boebert and Marjorie Taylor Greenie heckled Joe Biden during the State of the Union address. Now the State of the Union Address is a solemn event, and their behavior showed disrespect for the office. But it is impossible to criticize them without considering the disrespect shown to President Donald Trump by the Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi. She literally tore up the text of his speech, while he was delivering it. Sadly, respect for the office of President of the United States has largely disappeared. Thank you, Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky.

In any event, these two are really good at drawing attention and heckling people, who certainly deserve it. Democrats and the MSM, predictably, are deliberately distorting what really happened. Boebert heckled Biden when he talked about caskets draped with flags by saying “You put them in, 13 of them.” She was obviously referring to the people killed during the botched withdrawal from Afghanistan. Shortly after that Biden, again, brought up the death of his son Beau Biden. So, she was accused of mocking him regarding that. Typical deliberate misrepresentation by the media and particularly Democrats.

In the meantime, these two are reminding me of Heckel and Jeckel. The two cartoon talking magpies. Following is a picture of the original Heckel and Jeckel:

Here is a picture of the updated version of Heckel and Jeckel:

Enjoy! Now both of these women sometimes say and do dumb things. They frequently deserve at least some of the criticism targeted at them. But at least they are trying to do something, and they are obviously skilled at getting attention. If nothing else, it is fun to watch them, successfully, get under the skin of people like Nancy Pelosi. They are also providing a valuable distraction from the horror show we see everywhere else.

Democrats will try to expel them from congress, but then they want to expel a lot of Republicans from congress. Heckel and Jeckel, fun to watch then, fun to watch now.

TDM

DITHER AND YOM!

On October 6, 1973, Israel was attacked by Syria and Egypt, backed by nine other Arab States and the Soviet Union. This took place on Yom Kipper, the Holiest of days in the Jewish Calendar. Israel was grossly overmatched, 180 Israel tanks faced off against 1,400 Syrian tanks. Over 80,000 Egyptian soldiers attached an Israel infantry unit composed of 436 infantry troops. It was one of the worst military mismatches in World History. Few believed Israel could even survive.

But fortunately, the President of the United States in October of 1973 was Richard Nixon, not Joe Biden. Nixon had to overcome objections from his own CIA director to stand up for Israel. He demanded that the U.S. ship arms to Israel, no matter the cost. Operation Nickel Glass delivered 22,000 tons of supplies flying 567 missions. In addition, another 90,000 tons was delivered by sea. Israel, incredibly, did fight back, and began to defeat the Arabs. The Soviet Union, predictably, tried to save the day by demanding a cease fire enforced by Soviet Troops. Brezhnev sent a letter saying if the U.S. did not force the cease fire, the Soviet Union would enforce it only against Israel. President Nixon responded by summoning the Washington Special Action Group, which included the Secretary of State, the National Security Advisor, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the CIA Director. He ordered the U.S. military put on high alert. Air Force strike units prepared to attack, and two aircraft carriers were deployed to the Mediterranean. The Soviets realized that Nixon was not going to quit, so they reluctantly backed down.

In the meantime, Democrats with their fawning supporters in the MSM remained focused solely on Watergate and finding a new, more controllable Vice President to replace Spiro Agnew. When Republicans told Nixon they wouldn’t back him anymore, he was forced to resign. That was his reward for saving Israel. The only thing necessary for Democrats to win is for Republicans to do nothing.

With Democrats now in control, the U.S. squandered our victory in Vietnam and threw the sacrifices of all who fought there, including me, on the scrap heap of history. But Israel survived and it survives today.

Here is a link to the Nixon Foundation documents documenting all of this.

How Richard Nixon Saved Israel » (nixonfoundation.org)

I have read many other accounts verifying this. I also remember watching this with my own eyes. But you probably know nothing about this, because the MSM ignored the story, and even today very few students are ever told the truth about this. Instead, Richard Nixon continues to be demonized as the worse President in American History.

Perhaps Stephen Ambrose said it best. “He knew that his enemies..would never give him credit for saving Israel. He did it anyway.”

Those who refuse to learn from history are sometimes condemned to repeat it. Never truer then when the Democrat Party and the MSM conspire to choose the wrong person to be President of the United States. At a time when we desperately need a person of strength and character, we must endure the weakness and incompetence of Joe Biden. But, since Democrats and the MSM hate Donald Trump, just like they hated Richard Nixon, nothing else matters. History repeating itself. Dither (Joe Biden) and Yom (Richard Nixon)!

TDM

OBLIVIOUS TO THE OBVIOUS

Some things should be beyond obvious. The idiotic campaign by left-wing Democrats to defund the police is a total failure. When you combine this with no cash bail and refusal to prosecute what the left considers to be minor crimes, and you have a complete disaster. Crime is surging all over the country and citizens are increasingly outraged.

Anyone who has ever had any direct experience with a homeless person knows two things. Some people are there because of reasons beyond their control. We should put maximum effort in helping them recover. But at least some of these people are there because they like it. This may be because of mental illness, it may be because of rampant drug use, it may be because they are just lazy, but they are there because this lifestyle appeals to them. When stupid politicians start offering free medical care, free aid, and subsidized if not free housing, the inevitable result is a rapid surge in homelessness.

We live in a country where employers are increasingly desperate to find anyone willing to work for them. For example, if you shop at Safeway, you will notice a table where you can apply for a job, on the spot. Contrast that with the days, not that long ago, when hundreds would line up for a handful of jobs.

The mismanagement of COVID is now beyond obvious. Even the CDC admits that none of the lockdowns, mask mandates or even vaccine mandates had much impact. The vaccines, developed because of the Warp Speed program pushed by Donald Trump, are saving lives, particularly among those most vulnerable. All over the world leaders are just ending COVID mandates entirely. They are finally realizing that the cost of the cure is worse than the disease.

But the most dangerous miscalculation is the failure to address the military aggression by Putin. When George H.W. Bush was President, Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. Bush united the world, but not Democrats in congress, and threw the Iraq forces out of Kuwait. Some would and did argue that we had no security interest in Kuwait, and they would be right. But we did have a security interest in letting the world know that we would not tolerate one nation invading another nation.

That all changed in August 2008 when Putin invaded Georgia. George W. Bush was to be out of office by January 2009, and Putin knew that Barack Obama would replace him. Putin knew Barack Obama would be no threat to his ambition. That is why was willing to take military action in Georgia. It was why Putin invaded Crimea, successfully, in 2014. It is also why he started planning his assault on The Ukraine shortly after Joe Biden became President.

Once again, the world is faced with a situation where someone like Putin is invading other countries and the world has tried to resolve this with sanctions guaranteed not to work. They tried that in 1939 and the result was World War II.

The situation is already escalating with Belarus allegedly threatening to send its jets to carpet bomb The Ukraine. We are close to the point where this could turn into another World War, meaning that several countries would be engaged in military conflict. Western leaders all over the world are asking themselves the same question. If they don’t confront Putin now, when, and how will they confront him in the future. The next time is likely to involved NATO country and that would involve NATO Article 5, which says that an attack on one member is an attack on all. Sound familiar. In 1939 the West warned Hitler that attacking Poland would start a war. How did that work out?

So far, financial sanctions have not been successful in stopping military aggression. Right now, Putin is extremely vulnerable in Ukraine. When I see those satellite pictures of a forty mile long Russian convoy I see two things. I see a serious threat to Kyiv, and I see an inviting target should any NATO country choose to seize the day. I cannot predict this. One has to wonder which is worse, Putin succeeding in taking over The Ukraine, or this setting off another war in Europe. Remember that if and when Putin is removed from power, his successor might be even worse.

One thing is certain, we need leaders who pay attention to the obvious. Something must be done to stop this type of military aggression. We need to remember that a President of the United States has tremendous power, for a reason, and it is vital to elect only people capable of handling that level of responsibility.

TDM

ALL MASKS ON DECK

The Biden Administration is putting on quite a show. Unfortunately, at a time when we need decisive leadership, we are stuck with Joe Biden and Kamala Harris. Each time one of them tries to say something, they just embarrass themselves. In addition to the lack of anything substantial to say, Joe Biden looks horrible. Few if any are buying this. This is the price we pay for letting Democrats choose a President of the United States. A lot of people hated Donald Trump, but Joe Biden has made even Democrats wish they could roll back the clock and fix this.

Just when you thought things could not get worse, they got worse. This is what happens when you put people in position because of their politics not their actual capability. FEMA just updated ready.gov to give people guidance in the event of a nuclear attempt. This is literally insane:

Clown Show: Did You Notice What Was Ridiculous About FEMA’s Nuclear Attack Advice? (townhall.com)

“Go to the basement or middle of the building. Stay away from the outer walls and roof. Try to maintain a distance of at least six feet between yourself and people who are not part of your household. If possible, wear a mask.

If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 9-1-1 and let the operator know if you have, or think you might have, COVID-19. If you can, put on a mask before help arrives.

Many people may already feel fear and anxiety about the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The threat of a nuclear explosion can add additional stress.”

Yah Think!

Better advice would be find a spot where you can bend over as far as possible and kiss your butt goodbye.

This is what happens when you hire people to spin absolute nonsense and they start believing their own propaganda.

The good news is that the weakness of Joe Biden may be his secret strength. Vladmir Putin took one look at him and started to laugh uncontrollably. He instantly knew that Joe Biden wasn’t remotely capable of being a threat to Putin. But, in the end, it may be that Putin was lured into doing something really stupid. He thought that he could send in 150,000 troops and take over a country with a land mass bigger than Texas and a population greater than California. He may have missed something really big. His people are great at blowing things up, but all the Ukrainians need do is wait until they pass and then cut off the supply chain. Eventually all those tanks will literally run out of gas. In the meantime, those Tomahawk missiles Trump gave to Ukraine and when Joe Biden also provided are destroying Russian tanks. Russia destroyed the internet only to have Elon Musk give it back with the flick of a switch. There is even a video, unconfirmed, of a drone wiping out some of those Russian missile launchers that were poised to deliver the doomsday bomb.

I do not know where or when this will end, but it is easy to see that Vladimir Putin may have created more problems than he could imagine. He is unlikely to respond rationally, but odds are he won’t be social distancing wearing a mask.

TDM

“WE DID IT JOE!”

Kanye West is an interesting person. I am unfamiliar with any of his music. But I do know that he has a unique ability to connect with people. That is why he is worth $6.6 billion:

Kanye West is reportedly worth $6.6 billion – CNN

Well, he may have hit the nail on the head with his latest song. He held a live performance at LoanDepot Park in Miami, Florida and released his new album; “Donda 2″. Kanye, who is now known as “Ye”, including a moment on his new song “Louis Bag” featuring Jack Harlow. He mocked Kamala Harris making the infamous phone call to Joe Biden saying: “We did it Joe.” The video has people walking through flood waters, wearing helmets. Here is the video. Hopefully, you can understand the lyrics better than me:

Kanye West Samples Kamala Harris’ ‘We Did It Joe’ on ‘Donda 2’ Track (newsweek.com)

This already has 1.5  views.

Many people will not like this, but we can look at the economy and the fiasco in Ukraine and yes, Kamala Harris is right when she says: “We did this Joe!”

The press conference by Joe Biden today was beyond bad. All Biden could do is promise more sanctions, without even a hint that they would change anything. When Peter Doocy asked if Putin was threatening a nuclear attack, Biden’s response was “I have no idea if Putin is threatening a nuclear strike.” Are you kidding me? The answer to this should have been obvious. “If Russia or any other nation on this earth were to attack the U.S. or any of our allies with a nuclear weapon, the result would be immediate and total annihilation.”  

Incredibly, Biden was not even close to giving the dumbest possible response to this crisis. That honor goes to John Kerry. John Kerry was interviewed on BBC Arabic. He said his primary concern was that: “The Ukraine Crisis Could Distract the World from the Climate Crisis While Having Massive Emissions Consequences.” That is certifiably insane.

John Kerry: The Ukraine Crisis Could Distract the World From the Climate Crisis While Having Massive Emissions Consequences (VIDEO) (thegatewaypundit.com)

I am sure the double secret probation committee is currently conducting emergency sessions desperately seeking Susan, or rather some sane solution to this. No one, and I mean no one, can continue to have any confidence in Joe Biden providing the necessary leadership during this crisis. We may not know the solution, but we sure know the source of the problem. “We did it Joe!”

One notes that Justin Trudeau folded like a cheap umbrella, rescinding the emergency powers he arrogantly implemented a couple of days ago. This is fooling no one. Trudeau may be out of power sooner than Biden.

This is impossible to predict, but right now people and governments are panicked, and panicked people seldom make rational decisions. While Putin will obviously succeed in conquering Ukraine, it may come at a much higher personal cost than he or anyone else can even imagine. He should be paying more attention to Justin Trudeau in Canada than Joe Biden in Washington, D.C. Those who fail to pay attention to the people they govern will suffer the consequences. Those truckers in Canada just gave a lesson in who or what matters. No government can long succeed without the consent of the governed. That is just as true in places like China and Russia as it is here in the U.S. The days of dominating everyone with pure brutal force are long gone. People are learning how to fight back, not with guns and ammunition, but by simply saying no.

We may be looking at nothing less than a world-wide revolution. Let’s pray that the good guys win. Let’s remember that God is still in control. And let us give thanks that Ukraine is on the other side of the world and once again those oceans do provide us with some level of protection. Joe Biden is clearly capable of mucking things up to a fare-thee-well, but he remains only a temporary occupant of the Oval Office and the forces of change that will remove him from power are already clearly visible.

“We Did It Joe!”

TDM

 

THE NEW CLEAR AGE!

Democrats are in deep yogurt, and they know it. Every poll shows them getting demolished during the midterms. That is why wise Democratic members of congress are suddenly retiring. It was bad enough that Joe Biden has mucked up handling COVID and the economy to a fare thee well. The humiliation of our catastrophic withdrawal from Afghanistan made things so much worse. Now we are watching Biden and Kamala Harris self-destruct trying and failing to deal with the crisis in Ukraine. What the media is ignoring, but what is beyond obvious to everyone else, is that Joe Biden on TV is now a complete horror show. He looks awful, he sounds awful, he says dumb things, and no one can even imagine him having any positive impact on Vladimir Putin. This is so bad that sometimes one wonders who is worse, Joe Biden, or his script writers.

Democrats were left with one and only one viable strategy. Arrest Donald Trump. Put him on trial. Everything is his fault. For four years we heard how the Russia Collusion investigation was closing in on the Don. Never happened. Never came close to happening. Now it has been completely discredited and the people in trouble are those who perpetuated this ridiculous hoax in the first place. Yet, again, in an act of absolute desperation, the MSM has been screaming that the New York Prosecutors are really, this time for sure, closing in on Donald Trump. Then, today, out of the blue, a lightning stroke that shredded the last frail shred of hope. The two prosecutors leading the Manhattan district attorney’s investigation into Donald Trump just resigned. It turns out they haven’t called a single witness is about a month. The new Manhattan District Attorney, Alvin Bragg, told them he was not enthusiastic about pursuing a case against Donald Trump without any real crime and with zero real evidence.

Prosecutors Leading Trump Fraud Investigation in NY Resign (msn.com)

Ironically Alvin Bragg is the first African-American elected to be the New York County District Attorney. Bragg has promised that he will no longer prosecute low-level offenses such as fare evasion, resisting arrest, prostitution or smoking pot. He also promises to seek lesser charges for burglaries and store robberies. Well Glory Be, he apparently has no interest in pursuing Donald Trump either for poorly defined low-level crimes for which there is zero evidence. Sometimes the Lord works in mysterious ways his wonders to perform. Just when the MSM thought the legal system was closing in on the Don, again, one of their left-wing liberal heroes just drove a stake in their heart. We can guarantee the Don is celebrating big time tonight.

The situation in the Ukraine is guaranteed to get worse. No one can predict what Putin will do. but everyone knows nothing Joe Biden does will have any impact on the outcome. Putin is now 69 years old, and perhaps he realizes he is running out of time. Many people, who know him well, have said he is a different person. That obviously makes him harder to predict. This reminds me of a tee shirt, I wanted to buy, but was restrained from purchase by my wiser wife.

“CAUTION. I am now at the age where a life sentence is no longer much of a deterrent.”

Perhaps Putin is wearing the Russian version of that under this suit. Up until now, Putin has managed to invade Crimea and annex it without losing any soldiers. So far, he has done the same in Ukraine. The question is how he will respond if he starts seeing casualties. Russia can defeat Ukraine, but at what cost. Ukraine does not appear to be willing to roll over for Putin any time soon. Russia lost a lot of lives during World War II and the Russian people may not have much tolerance for losing more invading a country that is not arguably a threat to Russia. Will Putin stop short of starting a bloody war. We do not know. But we do know this, whatever Joe Biden predicts is probably the least likely outcome.

I am hardly a military strategist, but it just seems to me that the United States should have asked Putin a simple question. What price are you really willing to pay? For example, you now have 200,000 troops on the border of Ukraine. How many do you have on the border of Poland? Asking for a friend!

We in the midst of a new clear age. For the first time, in a long time, people see what is really going on and they are motivated to demand change. We already know that the big losers will be the Democrats who made this all possible. Now we are looking for the next group of winners.

TDM